Grapes (Vitis)

Grapes (Vitis) have a complex history and aren’t native to just one single location. However, the two main species groups have distinct origins:

* **European Grape (Vitis vinifera):** The most widely cultivated species for wine production, is native to the **Mediterranean region, Central Europe, and Southwestern Asia** (specifically, the Caucasus region and the Middle East).

* **American Grapes (Various Vitis species):** A group of species native to **North America, east of the Rocky Mountains**. These species include *Vitis labrusca, Vitis riparia,* and *Vitis rotundifolia.* They are used for juice, jelly, and rootstock.

So, to summarize:

* **Primary origin for the grapes used in most commercial wine:** Mediterranean, Central Europe, and Southwestern Asia
* **Significant secondary center of origin:** Eastern North America